In inventory management, what does "safety stock" refer to?

Safety stock refers to an additional quantity of an item held in inventory specifically to mitigate the risk of stockouts. In inventory management, it acts as a buffer against uncertainties in demand and supply. This is crucial because variations in customer demand or delays in restocking can lead to situations where the actual inventory levels drop below what is required to meet customer needs. By maintaining safety stock, businesses can ensure they have enough inventory to satisfy orders even when unexpected events occur, thus preventing lost sales and maintaining customer satisfaction.

Holding too little safety stock could compromise service levels, while holding too much can increase holding costs, making it a critical aspect of inventory management to balance.